Carbon Dioxide
CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE- RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Operators of facilities that burn coal, whether they are producing electricity, steam, or supporting industrial processes, are facing increasingly stringent environmental regulations. ADA Environmental Solutions (ADA-ES) has responded to these changing regulations and our customer's needs through the research and development of new, innovative technologies.

The projected costs of carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and sequestration are expected to be much higher than any other pollutant currently regulated.  As part of our corporate mission statement, ADA-ES is dedicated to finding a cost-effective and reliable solution:

"ADA Environmental Solutions develops and commercializes innovative technologies to sustain the viability of coal as a critical national resource. We provide cost-effective products to reduce emissions, increase efficiency and improve the competitive position of our customers . . . ."  - Excerpt from ADA-ES's corporate mission statement

ADA-ES has modeled its approach to CO2 capture on our 20 years of experience developing and commercializing solutions for particulate and mercury control.  We have set the goal of developing a commercially available, cost effective, post-combustion CO2 capture technology by the year 2020. We are currently working on several projects to develop a CO2 capture technology based on solid regenerable sorbents.

ADA is a complete technology developer and provider. We start out research at the laboratory scale, continue on to the pre-pilot and pilot testing in the field, with the end result of providing a full scale commercial option for our customers.

ADA is a complete technology developer and provider. We start out research at the laboratory scale (left), continue on to the pre-pilot and pilot testing in the field (center), with the end result of providing a full scale commercial option for our customers (right).

FIRST PHASE: VIABILITY ASSESSMENT
ADA-ES is using a multi-phased development plan to meet our commercial goal. In 2008, ADA-ES was awarded a $2.0 million collaborative research and development agreement from the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) for CO2 capture research. In addition, we have received $1.2 million in cost share funding and technical guidance from the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and several electrical utility companies that will also participate in the research.

The objective of the initial phase of our development process is to assess the viability of solid sorbents as a CO2 capture technology that can be retrofit to the existing fleet of coal-fired power plants.  An important part of this process is to accelerate the development of solid sorbents and the related process and equipment. The end goal of the initial phase of work is to confirm that a solid sorbent-based CO2 capture process has the potential to be a less expensive alternative to other more costly technologies such as conventional aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA).

The initial research program includes sorbent screening at both a laboratory-scale and at a one kilowatt pilot scale using a slipstream of actual flue gas from a coal-fired power plant. Another important component of the initial stage of our effort is to develop a conceptual design for a full-scale carbon capture system. This conceptual design is being used to conduct a high level cost analysis for the process.

SECOND PHASE: DEVELOPMENT AND PILOT-SCALE DEMONSTRATION

Based on the success of the initial phase of research and development, in 2010, ADA-ES was awarded a $15 million collaborative agreement from the U.S. DOE, with another $3.75 million in cost share provided by several utility partners, to move the technology development and pilot-scale demonstration phase. Under the multi-year contract, ADA-ES will scale up the technology to a 1 megawatt (~24 tons CO2/ day) pilot-scale using a slipstream of flue gas from a coal-fired power plant and conduct a detailed engineering analysis to provide technology cost estimates for post combustion capture for both power-fired power plants and industrial applications.

CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY

In our CO2 capture system, located immediately upstream of the stack, the flue gas is sent through a contactor where a solid sorbent separates the CO2 from the other flue gas constituents. Then, the CO2-laden sorbent material is moved out of the flue gas into the re-generation chamber where it is regenerated through a change in temperature or pressure. During this regeneration step, the CO2 gas is released in a nearly-pure stream and collected in a separate vessel. This purified C02 is now ready for beneficial re-use or sequestration. The re-generated sorbent material can be used again to capture more CO2.

The most important advantage of solid sorbents is the potential to significantly reduce the amount of energy required to capture and release the CO2 . Our initial research using solid sorbents indicates that this process may use as much as 50% less energy than other C02 capture technologies.

The following figure shows how regenerable solid sorbents can be used in a cyclical process to separate CO2 from power plant flue gas.


Based on our successful mercury emissions and particulate control research programs, ADA has assembled a team of experts from universities, government labs, environmental development companies, engineering companies and the electric power industry. We are working together in a collaborative effort to develop a realistic, cost effective CO2 capture technology.

ADA CONTACTS FOR CO2 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

ADA's personnel assigned to working on this important development project are:

Sharon Sjostrom, PE, MBA
Chief Technology Officer:
sharons@adaes.com

Holly Krutka, PhD
Research Scientist:
hollyk@adaes.com

Travis Starns, PMP
Manager, Emissions Control Projects:
traviss@adaes.com

ADA Environmental Solutions main phone number: 303-734-1727

Recent CO2 Capture Press:

World Coal Magazine, June 2011
"Solid Sorbent Use in CSS"

What is Carbon Capture and Sequestration?

Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) involves three processes:

  1. CO2 Capture- This involves separating the emitted CO2 from the gas streams during electricity production, industrial processes or fuel processing. ADA has focused our research on this stage.
  2. Transportation- This process involves transporting the captured CO2 by pipeline or in tankers.
  3. Sequestration- CO2 is then stored in remote locations to ensure their long-term isolation from the atmosphere. Examples of this would be underground deep saline aquifers, depleted oil and gas reservoirs or un-mineable coal seams.

CO2 Quick Facts

CO2 is produced from the combustion (rapid oxidation) of hydro-carbon (fossil) fuels with air

 

Fossil fuels include oil, coal and natural gas

 

Fossil fuels contain carbon and hydrogen molecules

 

Air contains nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%) plus traces of other gases

 

Carbon and oxygen combine during combustion to create CO2. C+ O2 ->CO2

 

One ton of coal burned produces approximately two tons of CO2

 

Burning petroleum products creates about 41.9% of annual CO2 emissions in the USA

 

Burning coal creates about 36.5% of annual CO2 emissions in the USA

 

Trees and green growing plants require CO2 to perform the process of photosynthesis. They absorb CO2 and emit O2 back into the atmosphere. Carbon is naturally sequestered in their plant matter.

 

The natural process of decaying plant matter on the earth and in the oceans creates CO2. Volcanoes also are responsible for emitting CO2 into the atmosphere

 

Every human emits approximately 2.3 pounds (1 kg) of carbon dioxide per day just by exhaling

 

 

Facts gathered from: www.iea.org and www.netl.doe.gov